NTA-UGC-NET-PAPER-I
(NOVEMBER 2017) Q : 10-20
Climate change is considered to be one of the most serious threats to sustainable development, with adverse impacts on the environment, human health, food security, economic activity, natural resources and physical infrastructure. Global climate varies naturally. According to the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the effects of climate change have already been observed, and scientific findings indicate that precautionary and prompt action is necessary. Vulnerability to climate change is not just a function of geography or dependence on natural resources; it also has social, economic and political dimensions which influence how climate change affects different groups. Poor people rarely have insurance to cover loss of property due to natural calamities i.e. drought, floods, super cyclones etc.
The poor communities are already struggling to cope with the existing challenges of poverty and climate variability and climate change could push many beyond their ability to cope or even survive. It is vital that these communities are helped to adapt to the changing dynamics of nature. Adaptation is a process through which societies make themselves better able to cope with an uncertain future. Adapting to climate change entails taking the right measures to reduce the negative effects of climate change (or exploit the positive ones) by making the appropriate adjustments and changes. These range from technological options such as increased sea defences or flood - proof houses on stilts to behavioural change at the individual level, such as reducing water use in times of drought. Other strategies include early warning systems for extreme events, better water management, improved risk management, various insurance options and biodiversity conservation. Because of the speed at which climate change is happening due to global temperature rise, it is urgent that the vulnerability of developing countries to climate change is reduced and their capacity to adapt is increased and national adaptation plans are implemented. Adapting to climate change will entail adjustments and changes at every level from community to national and international. Communities must build their resilience, including adopting appropriate technologies while making the most of traditional knowledge, and diversifying their livelihoods to cope with current and future climate stress. Local coping strategies and knowledge need to be used in synergy with government and local interventions. The need of adaptation interventions depends on national circumstances. There is a large body of knowledge and experience within local communities on coping with climatic variability and extreme weather events. Local communities have always aimed to adapt to variations in their climate. To do so, they have made preparations based on their resources and their knowledge accumulated through experience of past weather patterns. This includes times when they have also been forced to react to and recover from extreme events, such as floods, drought and hurricanes. Local coping strategies are an important element of planning for adaptation. Climate change is leading communities to experience climatic extremes more frequently, as well as new climate conditions and extremes. Traditional knowledge can help to provide efficient, appropriate and time - tested ways of advising and enabling adaptation to climate change in communities who are feeling the effects of climate changes due to global warming.
11. Given below are the factors of vulnerability of poor people to climate change. Select the code that contains the correct answer.
(1) Their dependence on natural resources
(2) Geographical attributes
(3) Lack of financial resources
(4) Lack of traditional knowledge
Code:
(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (c) only
12. Adaptation as a process enables societies to cope with:
(1) An uncertain future
(2) Adjustments and changes
(3) Negative impact of climate change
(4) Positive impact of climate change
Select the most appropriate answer from the following code:
(1) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (c) only
13. To address the challenge of climate change, developing countries urgently require:
11. Given below are the factors of vulnerability of poor people to climate change. Select the code that contains the correct answer.
(1) Their dependence on natural resources
(2) Geographical attributes
(3) Lack of financial resources
(4) Lack of traditional knowledge
Code:
(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (c) only
12. Adaptation as a process enables societies to cope with:
(1) An uncertain future
(2) Adjustments and changes
(3) Negative impact of climate change
(4) Positive impact of climate change
Select the most appropriate answer from the following code:
(1) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (c) only
13. To address the challenge of climate change, developing countries urgently require:
(1) Imposition of climate change tax
(2) Implementation of national adaptation policy at their level
(3) Adoption of short-term plans
(4) Adoption of technological solutions
14. The traditional knowledge should be used through:
(1) Its dissemination
(2) Improvement in national circumstances
(3) Synergy between government and local interventions
(4) Modern technology
15. The main focus of the passage is on:
(1) Combining traditional knowledge with appropriate technology
(2) Co-ordination between regional and national efforts
(3) Adaptation to climate change
(4) Social dimensions of climate change
16. The interaction between a teacher and students creates a zone of proximal:
(2) Implementation of national adaptation policy at their level
(3) Adoption of short-term plans
(4) Adoption of technological solutions
14. The traditional knowledge should be used through:
(1) Its dissemination
(2) Improvement in national circumstances
(3) Synergy between government and local interventions
(4) Modern technology
15. The main focus of the passage is on:
(1) Combining traditional knowledge with appropriate technology
(2) Co-ordination between regional and national efforts
(3) Adaptation to climate change
(4) Social dimensions of climate change
16. The interaction between a teacher and students creates a zone of proximal:
(1) Difference
(2) Confusion
(3) Development
(4) Distortion
17. The spatial audio reproduction in a classroom can reduce the students’:
(2) Confusion
(3) Development
(4) Distortion
17. The spatial audio reproduction in a classroom can reduce the students’:
(1) Cognitive load in understanding
(2) Respect for the teacher
(3) Motivation for excellence
(4) Interest in technology - orientation
18. The classroom communication should essentially be:
(1) Contrived
(2) Empathetic
(3) Abstract
(4) Non-descriptive
19. A good communicator begins his/her presentation with a :
(1) Complex question
(2) Non-sequitur
(3) Repetitive phrase
(4) Ice-breaker
20. In a classroom, the probability of message reception can be enhanced by:
(1) Establishing a viewpoint
(2) Exposing the ignorance of students
(3) Increasing the information load
(4) Using high decibel audio tools
(2) Respect for the teacher
(3) Motivation for excellence
(4) Interest in technology - orientation
18. The classroom communication should essentially be:
(1) Contrived
(2) Empathetic
(3) Abstract
(4) Non-descriptive
19. A good communicator begins his/her presentation with a :
(1) Complex question
(2) Non-sequitur
(3) Repetitive phrase
(4) Ice-breaker
20. In a classroom, the probability of message reception can be enhanced by:
(1) Establishing a viewpoint
(2) Exposing the ignorance of students
(3) Increasing the information load
(4) Using high decibel audio tools